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  The Jaguar
  The Rubber Tree
  Discovery of Rubber
  The Rubber Business
  Harvesting Rubber
  Coffee from Costa Rica
  Bananas & Plantains
  Blue-footed Booby
  Galapagos Penguin
  Sloth
  Galapagos Tortoise
  Toucans
  Coconuts
  Wildlife of Costa Rica
  Marine Iguana
  Parrots & Macaws
  Anteaters
  Flightless Cormorant
  Parrots
  Echo Parakeet
  Green Parakeet
  Imperial Amazon Parrot
  Lear Macau
  Puerto Rican Parrot
  Red Crowned Parrot
  Guanaco
  Camelidae
  Llamas
  Orchids of Latin America  
  Ocelot
  Poison Dart Frog
  Tapirs
  Vicuna
  Boa Constrictor
  Coconut Palm
  Coffee Plant
  Leafcutter Ants
  Piranha in the Amazon
  Quetzals
  Ostriches of Argentina
  Amazon Rainforest
  Saving the Amazon
  The Amazon River
  The Amazonian Tropics
  Caribbean Coral Reef
  Coca Leaves in the Andes
  The Banana Trade

The jaguar, or as he is sometimes called, the American tiger, is the largest and most ferocious of the cat family found on this continent. Some jaguars have been seen equal in size to the Asiatic tiger; but in most cases the American, animal is smaller. He is strong enough, however, to drag a horse or an ox to his den—sometimes to a long distance; and this feat has been frequently observed.

The jaguar is found in all the tropical parts of North and South America. While he bears a considerable likeness to the tiger, both in shape and habits, the markings of his skin are quite different. Instead of being striped like the tiger, the skin of the jaguar is beautifully spotted. Each spot resembles a rosette, and consists of a black ring with a single dark-colored spot in the middle.  Click here to read more.


The cultivation of coffee is a leading industry in Costa Rica, and has long been a source of prosperity. It was begun a hundred years ago; a few plants having been brought from New Granada, and the first trial being successful, it has rapidly extended. All the coffee is grown in the plain of San Jose, where the three principal towns are situated—about two-thirds being produced in the environs of the capital, a fourth in those of Hindia, and the remainder at Alhajuela, and its vicinity. The land which has been found by experience to be best suited to coffee is a black loam, and the next best, a dark-red earth--soils of a brown and dull yellow color being quite unsuitable. The plain of San Jose is mostly of the first class, being, like all the soils of Central America, formed with a large admixture of volcanic materials. Contrary to the experience of Java and Arabia, coffee is here found to thrive much better, and produce a more healthy and equal berry on plain land, than upon hills, or undulating slopes, which doubtless arises from the former retaining its moisture better, and generally containing a larger deposit of loam. Click here to read more.

This particular program, also known as CCRE, was a collaborative effort conceived by six scientists by the National Museum of Natural History in the 1970s.  Initially, researchers from the Smithsonian worked on disciplines essential to the study of reef ecology invertebrate and zoology, as well as paleobiology and carbonate geology.  Initially, the goal was to investigate Caribbean coral reefs, which then led into study of coastal environments.

After careful consideration, it was decided that dive surveys would be conducted at Belize’s barrier reef.  Of all structures being considered, the one at Belize turned out to be the most complex, specific to animal and plant species, as well as other habitat types.  The system is pristine with minimal disturbances from far-off landmasses.  Then in 1972, one acre on top of the southern part of the barrier reef was chosen as a field laboratory. Click here to read more.


Grown commercially in 120 countries, bananas are among the top choices of consumers.  Interestingly, of all bananas grown, less than 25% are exported.  India is the top country for the production of bananas, followed by Brazil, the Philippines, Ecuador, Indonesia, China, Colombia, Burundi, Costa Rica, and then Thailand.  Of all exporters, Ecuador ranks at number one, supplying more than 2.5 millions tons to various international markets.

While most people think a banana is a banana, the truth is that you will discover more than 40 different species of this fruit to include plantains, along with literally hundreds of manmade hybrid species.  Grown on trees that can reach upwards of 16 feet, bananas are not just delicious but also loaded with potassium magnesium, vitamin A and C, and other important nutrients.  The commercial bananas are a mutant of the type of fruit grown in the wild, which have seeds.  The roots of banana trees are very short, which makes them vulnerable to heavy winds. Click here to read more.

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